XYMOGEN® MemorAll™: A Pharmacist's Clinical Guide to Memory & Cognitive Support

Khang Pharmacy Mascot

Dai Tran, PharmD, MBA, B.S.

CEO & Lead Pharmacist, Khang Pharmacy • CA/MN/TX Licensed Pharmacist

Clinical Insights Series • APhA Immunization Certified • 10+ Years Clinical Experience

What Is XYMOGEN® MemorAll™?

MemorAll™ is a practitioner-dispensed, multi-ingredient cognitive support formula combining ten compounds across several mechanisms relevant to cognitive aging: B-vitamin-dependent homocysteine and neurotransmitter metabolism, mitochondrial energy support, glutathione precursor activity, cerebrovascular and antioxidant support, synaptic membrane integrity, and cholinergic modulation. This article reviews the published evidence for each ingredient, applies the Clinical Insights three-tier evidence framework, and is explicit about what has not been established for the finished MemorAll™ product.

Supplement Facts (Per 1-Capsule Serving)

Dosing note: The current XYMOGEN practitioner sheet recommends 1 capsule twice daily, giving a suggested daily exposure of 2 capsules. The dose-gap comparisons in this article reference both per-capsule and daily amounts where relevant.
Ingredient Per Capsule Per Day (2 caps)
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal 5′-phosphate) 5 mg 10 mg
Folate (as Quatrefolic® methyltetrahydrofolate) 170 mcg DFE 340 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin) 100 mcg 200 mcg
Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCl (ALCAR) 250 mg 500 mg
N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) 100 mg 200 mg
Ginkgo Extract (Ginkgo biloba leaf), 20% ginkgoflavonglycosides, 5% terpene lactones 60 mg 120 mg
Bacopa Extract (Bacopa monnieri whole plant), 8% bacosides 50 mg 100 mg
Phosphatidylserine (Sharp•PS® GREEN, sunflower-derived) 15 mg 30 mg
trans-Resveratrol (from Polygonum cuspidatum root extract) 1 mg 2 mg
Huperzine A (from Huperzia serrata whole plant) 100 mcg 200 mcg

Other ingredients: capsule (hypromellose), stearic acid, calcium silicate, tricalcium phosphate, silica, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. Vegetarian capsule — no gelatin. Verify current label for allergen information and serving directions before use.

Finished-Product Evidence Note: The studies cited below evaluated individual ingredients at specific doses and in defined populations. They did not evaluate MemorAll™ as a finished product. The combination of ten ingredients, their interactions, and the specific doses in this capsule have not been validated by an independent clinical trial. Ingredient-level evidence supports biological plausibility only and should not be interpreted as evidence of finished-product efficacy.

What the Evidence Does — and Does Not — Establish

  • B-vitamins (B6/folate/B12): Homocysteine lowering is well-established; a meta-analysis of 11 trials and ~22,000 participants found no significant benefit on memory, executive function, or global cognition despite meaningful homocysteine reduction (PMID 24965307). Reduction of clinical cognitive outcomes by B-vitamin supplementation has not been confirmed in large RCTs.
  • ALCAR (250 mg/cap; 500 mg/day at 2-cap regimen): Evidence for cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in older adults exists at 1,500–3,000 mg/day; 500 mg/day is substantially below the studied range.
  • NAC (100 mg/cap; 200 mg/day): Established pharmaceutical antidote at clinical doses; supplement-dose neuroprotection in healthy adults is not established.
  • Ginkgo (60 mg/cap; 120 mg/day): Effects in healthy adults are not established — a meta-analysis of randomized trials found no significant improvement in memory, executive function, or attention (PMID 23001963); 120 mg/day aligns with studied doses in impaired populations but evidence of benefit in healthy adults is negative.
  • Bacopa (50 mg/cap; 100 mg/day): Consistent positive signals for attention-speed measures in RCTs at 300–450 mg/day over ≥12 weeks; 100 mg/day remains well below studied range.
  • PS (15 mg/cap; 30 mg/day): Pivotal AAMI trials used 300 mg/day bovine-cortex PS; MemorAll provides 30 mg/day sunflower-derived PS — 10% of studied dose in a different source preparation. Evidence does not establish efficacy at this dose or with this formulation.
  • Resveratrol (1 mg/cap; 2 mg/day): Human cognitive trials used doses orders of magnitude higher; a systematic review of 10 RCTs found inconsistent and limited evidence even at those doses (PMID 29596658). Efficacy at 2 mg/day is not established.
  • Huperzine A (100 mcg/cap; 200 mcg/day): Studied primarily in Alzheimer’s disease; inhibits acetylcholinesterase and carries significant drug-interaction risk with cholinesterase inhibitor medications.
  • Not established: That MemorAll™ as a finished product prevents, treats, or reverses cognitive decline, dementia, or Alzheimer’s disease in any population.

Ingredient-by-Ingredient Evidence Review

Evidence labels: HUMAN RCT = randomized controlled trial | SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / META-ANALYSIS = pooled analysis | MIXED / NEGATIVE = conflicting or null results | PRECLINICAL / MECHANISTIC = laboratory or animal evidence only

1. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate) — 5 mg/cap | 10 mg/day

Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (P5P) is the metabolically active coenzyme form of B6, which participates as a cofactor in amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter biosynthesis (serotonin, dopamine, GABA, norepinephrine). Unlike pyridoxine HCl, P5P does not require hepatic phosphorylation — a relevant consideration for individuals with compromised hepatic function. B6 deficiency is associated with elevated homocysteine and, in epidemiological studies, with cognitive impairment.

  • Evidence level: Well-established biochemical cofactor role. B-vitamin supplementation lowers homocysteine (established biochemical effect); however, a large meta-analysis of 11 trials/~22,000 participants found B vitamins produced no significant benefit on memory, executive function, processing speed, global cognition, or cognitive aging despite meaningful homocysteine reduction (PMID 24965307).
  • What this does not establish: That supplementing B6 at this dose improves cognitive function or prevents neurodegeneration in adults with adequate B6 status.

2. Folate (Quatrefolic® — Methyltetrahydrofolate) — 170 mcg DFE/cap | 340 mcg DFE/day

Quatrefolic® provides (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), a biologically active folate form used directly in one-carbon metabolism. MTHFR catalyzes the formation of 5-MTHF from 5,10-methylene-THF, and the common C677T variant can reduce MTHFR enzyme activity. Human pharmacokinetic studies have shown that supplemental 5-MTHF is bioavailable in individuals with both 677CC and 677TT genotypes, but clinical evidence has not established that MTHFR genotype alone predicts cognitive benefit from methylfolate supplementation. Folate participates with B6 and B12 in homocysteine remethylation and myelin methylation; the active folate form is a rational ingredient choice for formulas targeting homocysteine metabolism.

  • Evidence level: Established biochemical function. Homocysteine lowering with B-vitamins is established; clinical prevention of cognitive decline by this mechanism has not been confirmed in RCTs (see PMID 24965307). Clinical evidence has not established that MTHFR genotype alone, in the absence of documented folate insufficiency or elevated homocysteine, predicts cognitive benefit from methylfolate supplementation.
  • What this does not establish: That methylfolate supplementation prevents cognitive decline or dementia in adults without documented folate insufficiency or clinically elevated homocysteine, or that Quatrefolic® has demonstrated superior cognitive outcomes versus folic acid in human clinical trials.

3. Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin) — 100 mcg/cap | 200 mcg/day

Methylcobalamin is a biologically active coenzyme form of vitamin B12 involved in methionine synthase activity and one-carbon metabolism. B12 deficiency risk is increased with metformin use and may also be increased with long-term acid-suppressive therapy including PPIs, though the strength of the PPI association is less consistent across studies. B12 deficiency is associated with peripheral neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, and cognitive impairment. Repletion in deficient individuals is well-established to resolve neurological symptoms.

  • Evidence level: Repletion of documented B12 deficiency: established. Supplementation in B12-sufficient adults for cognitive benefit: not established by RCT evidence (see PMID 24965307).
  • What this does not establish: That B12 supplementation improves cognitive function in adults with adequate B12 status.

4. Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCl (ALCAR) — 250 mg/cap | 500 mg/day

ALCAR crosses the blood-brain barrier and participates in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation; its acetyl group can contribute to acetylcholine synthesis. It has been studied in age-related cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms.

  • Depression / depressive symptoms: META-ANALYSIS A meta-analysis of 12 RCTs / 791 participants (Veronese N et al., PMID 29076953) found ALCAR significantly reduced depressive symptoms, with stronger effects in older adults. Variable trial quality noted.
  • Mild cognitive impairment: META-ANALYSIS A meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials of ALCAR in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease (Montgomery SA et al., PMID 12598816; trials lasting 3–12 months using 1,500–3,000 mg/day) found pooled results favoring ALCAR. This directly establishes the dose gap: at the suggested 2-capsule daily dose, MemorAll™ provides 500 mg/day — substantially below the 1,500–3,000 mg/day studied range.
  • What this does not establish: That 500 mg/day ALCAR produces the cognitive or antidepressant effects observed in trials using 3–6× higher doses.

5. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) — 100 mg/cap | 200 mg/day

NAC is a glutathione precursor with well-documented pharmaceutical applications. At supplement doses, it has been studied for antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, though evidence in healthy adults at these doses is limited.

  • Acetaminophen poisoning antidote: Established pharmaceutical use at defined clinical doses — not applicable to supplement-dose use.
  • Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation: Preclinical and small clinical data support glutathione-raising effects at higher doses. Clinical neuroprotection in healthy adults at 200 mg/day is not established.
  • What this does not establish: That 200 mg/day NAC produces meaningful neuroprotection equivalent to those studied at higher doses in clinical populations.

6. Ginkgo biloba Extract — 60 mg/cap | 120 mg/day (20% ginkgoflavonglycosides, 5% terpene lactones)

Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract has been studied in cognitive impairment, dementia, and memory in older adults. At the 2-capsule daily dose, MemorAll™ provides 120 mg/day, which is within the range commonly studied in impaired populations (120–240 mg/day).

  • Cognitive impairment and dementia populations: MIXED Cochrane reviews and multiple meta-analyses show mixed results; some analyses report modest effects on cognitive measures in impaired populations; others find no significant benefit. The evidence does not support Ginkgo as a proven treatment for dementia or as a preventive agent for cognitive decline.
  • Healthy adults: NEGATIVE META-ANALYSIS A meta-analysis of randomized trials (PMID 23001963) found no significant improvement in memory (d −0.04), executive function (d −0.05), or attention (d −0.08) in healthy adults. Evidence does not support Ginkgo as an established cognitive enhancer in healthy adults.
  • Bleeding and antiplatelet considerations: Ginkgo has mechanistic effects relevant to platelet-activating factor inhibition. However, a meta-analysis of 18 RCTs / 1,985 adults (PMID 21923430) did not demonstrate a clear adverse effect of standardized Ginkgo extract on hemostasis measures. Caution in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy remains appropriate; pharmacist or prescriber review is recommended before combining.
  • What this does not establish: That Ginkgo in this formula significantly improves cognitive function in healthy adults, or that cerebrovascular mechanisms proposed translate to clinical cognitive outcomes.

7. Bacopa monnieri Extract — 50 mg/cap | 100 mg/day (8% bacosides)

Bacopa monnieri has been studied for memory and cognitive function in healthy adults and older adults in RCTs, typically at 300–450 mg/day of standardized extract. At the 2-capsule daily dose, MemorAll™ provides 100 mg/day — well below studied doses.

  • Systematic review / meta-analysis: META-ANALYSIS A meta-analysis of 9 randomized placebo-controlled trials / 518 subjects (437 in pooled analysis) (Kongkeaw C et al., PMID 24252493) found improvements in selected cognitive measures, particularly speed-of-attention measures such as Trail B performance and choice reaction time, following chronic standardized Bacopa supplementation. The authors concluded that Bacopa showed potential cognitive benefit but emphasized the need for larger definitive trials.
  • Duration of treatment: The meta-analysis included trials using chronic treatment for at least 12 weeks; short-term use has not demonstrated significant effects.
  • What this does not establish: That 100 mg/day (well below studied doses of 300–450 mg/day) produces the attention-speed effects observed in Bacopa RCTs, or that effects observed at higher doses and ≥12 weeks of treatment apply to shorter-duration or lower-dose use.

8. Phosphatidylserine (Sharp•PS® GREEN) — 15 mg/cap | 30 mg/day

PS is a neuronal membrane phospholipid studied for memory and cognitive function in older adults. Pivotal RCTs used bovine-cortex PS at 300 mg/day. MemorAll™ contains sunflower-derived Sharp•PS® GREEN — a different source preparation — at 30 mg/day at the 2-capsule regimen (10% of the studied dose). Evidence from bovine-cortex PS trials cannot be directly transferred to sunflower-derived PS at one-tenth the dose.

  • Primary AAMI evidence: HUMAN RCT Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, et al. (PMID 2027477; Neurology. 1991;41(5):644–649) enrolled 149 patients meeting age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) criteria, treated for 12 weeks with bovine-cortex PS 300 mg/day or placebo. PS-treated participants improved relative to placebo on several learning and memory measures, with greater apparent effects among participants with poorer baseline performance. Grade: LIMITED / HISTORICAL HUMAN EVIDENCE — pivotal trial is old; bovine-cortex PS is not equivalent to sunflower-derived PS; dose gap is 10-fold.
  • Secondary AD evidence: Crook TH, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC. (PMID 1609044) enrolled 51 patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease; bovine-cortex PS 300 mg/day vs. placebo for 12 weeks. Several cognitive measures favored PS, particularly in less severely impaired patients. Provided as secondary context only — not an AAMI population.
  • Formulation firewall: Both pivotal trials used bovine-cortex-derived PS. MemorAll™ contains sunflower-derived PS (Sharp•PS® GREEN). Evidence from bovine-cortex PS trials should not be presented as direct evidence of efficacy for sunflower-derived PS formulations without separate clinical confirmation.
  • FDA qualified health claim: The FDA permits a qualified health claim: “Very limited and preliminary scientific research suggests that phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly.” This is a qualified — not a full — health claim reflecting limited and preliminary evidence.
  • What this does not establish: That 30 mg/day sunflower-derived PS provides cognitive benefits equivalent to or proportionate with 300 mg/day bovine-cortex PS in the evidence base.

9. trans-Resveratrol — 1 mg/cap | 2 mg/day

Resveratrol is a polyphenol studied for cardiovascular and neuroprotective properties. Human clinical trials for cognitive outcomes have generally used doses of 150–1,000 mg/day — orders of magnitude above MemorAll™’s 2 mg/day.

  • Human cognitive evidence — LIMITED / MIXED: MIXED META-ANALYSIS A systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 RCTs (Marx W et al., PMID 29596658) found that three studies reported selected cognitive benefits, two had mixed results, and five found no significant effect. The authors characterized the literature as inconsistent and limited. Dose ranges in the included trials were far above MemorAll™’s 2 mg/day.
  • Preclinical mechanisms: Evidence for SIRT1 activation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and amyloid-beta effects is well-described in laboratory and animal models. Whether these mechanisms are meaningfully activated at 2 mg/day in humans has not been established.
  • What this does not establish: That 2 mg/day resveratrol produces the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, or cerebrovascular effects described in preclinical models or in human trials using far higher doses. Evidence grade: LIMITED / MIXED at substantially higher doses; efficacy at 2 mg/day NOT ESTABLISHED.

10. Huperzine A — 100 mcg/cap | 200 mcg/day

Huperzine A is a selective, reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor derived from Huperzia serrata. By inhibiting the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine, it increases synaptic acetylcholine levels. It has been studied primarily in Alzheimer’s disease populations.

  • Systematic review / meta-analysis: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / META-ANALYSIS Yang G et al. (PMID 24086396), 20 RCTs / 1,823 participants in Alzheimer’s disease, found Huperzine A improved cognitive function scores; however, the authors specifically cautioned that most included trials had high risk of bias. Findings in Alzheimer’s disease populations should not be extrapolated to healthy adults.
  • Drug interaction — important: Because huperzine A and prescription cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine all increase cholinergic activity, concurrent use may increase cholinergic adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, excessive secretions). Combination use should be avoided unless specifically reviewed and supervised by the treating clinician.
  • What this does not establish: That Huperzine A at 200 mcg/day improves cognitive function in healthy adults, or that Alzheimer’s disease trial results apply to cognitive enhancement in non-impaired individuals.

Important Safety Considerations

&WarningSign; Medication Interactions and Safety Warnings

  • Cholinesterase inhibitor medications (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine): Huperzine A inhibits acetylcholinesterase by the same mechanism. Because concurrent use may increase cholinergic adverse effects, combination use should be avoided unless specifically reviewed and supervised by the treating clinician. Do not use MemorAll™ with these medications without physician review.
  • Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel): Ginkgo biloba has mechanistic effects relevant to platelet-activating factor inhibition. A meta-analysis of 18 RCTs did not demonstrate a clear adverse effect on hemostasis measures with standardized extract; however, caution is appropriate when combining with anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Discuss with your pharmacist or prescriber before use.
  • Nitrates (nitroglycerin and related medications): Pharmacologic-dose NAC has potentiated nitroglycerin’s vascular effects and increased symptomatic hypotension in human studies. Whether this interaction is clinically meaningful at MemorAll™’s much lower oral NAC dose (200 mg/day) has not been established. Patients using nitrates should discuss concurrent use with their pharmacist or prescriber.
  • Cancer treatment (chemotherapy or radiotherapy): The effects of antioxidant supplements such as NAC during chemotherapy or radiotherapy can depend on the specific treatment, dose, and clinical setting. Human evidence has not established a universal harmful interaction, but safety and treatment-efficacy data are insufficient to generalize across cancer therapies. Patients receiving active cancer treatment should discuss NAC-containing supplements with their oncologist and pharmacist before use.
  • Seizure disorders: Because huperzine A has clinically active cholinergic pharmacology and safety data in people with seizure disorders are limited, patients with epilepsy or a seizure history should discuss use with their neurologist or pharmacist.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Safety of this combination has not been established; avoid unless directed by a healthcare provider.

Who May Consider Discussing MemorAll™?

  • Adults 45+ experiencing age-associated memory changes who want to review evidence-based options with their pharmacist or physician
  • Individuals with documented folate insufficiency or elevated homocysteine in whom folate status has been clinically assessed
  • Patients on metformin or long-term acid-suppressive therapy at potential risk for B12 depletion, under physician monitoring
  • Those with mild cognitive impairment under physician supervision
  • Not appropriate for self-directed use by: Patients taking cholinesterase inhibitors, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, nitrates, or receiving active cancer treatment should have the complete formula reviewed by their pharmacist or treating clinician before use.

A Note on Doses

MemorAll™ contains ten ingredients in a single capsule. Several — ALCAR, PS, Bacopa, and resveratrol in particular — are present at daily doses (at the 2-capsule regimen) substantially below those used in the key clinical trials for each ingredient. ALCAR at 500 mg/day versus 1,500–3,000 mg/day studied; PS at 30 mg/day sunflower-derived versus 300 mg/day bovine-cortex studied; Bacopa at 100 mg/day versus 300–450 mg/day studied; resveratrol at 2 mg/day versus 150–1,000 mg/day studied (with inconsistent results even at those doses). Whether sub-studied doses of multiple ingredients in combination produce clinically meaningful additive effects has not been established in a finished-product trial. This is an important transparency point when discussing this formula with patients comparing it to single-ingredient products studied at higher doses.

Pharmacist’s Note

As a PharmD, I appreciate the breadth of MemorAll™’s ingredient selection and the use of active B-vitamin forms — P5P, methyltetrahydrofolate (Quatrefolic®), and methylcobalamin are well-chosen forms, particularly for patients with documented B12 depletion risk (metformin use, long-term acid suppression) or clinically assessed folate insufficiency. It is important to note that large-scale meta-analyses have not confirmed that B-vitamin supplementation improves cognitive outcomes even when it successfully lowers homocysteine (PMID 24965307), and clinical evidence has not established that MTHFR genotype alone predicts cognitive benefit from methylfolate supplementation. The Huperzine A inclusion is the most clinically consequential ingredient from a safety standpoint: it is a true acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and combination use with donepezil or related drugs should not occur without physician review.

I discuss the dose-gap issue transparently with patients: at the suggested 2-capsule daily regimen, ALCAR at 500 mg, PS at 30 mg (sunflower-derived at 10% of the bovine-cortex dose studied in pivotal trials), Bacopa at 100 mg, and resveratrol at 2 mg remain well below the dose ranges used in the key clinical trials for each ingredient. The formula as a whole has not been evaluated in a finished-product clinical trial. Patients with documented B12 deficiency, clinically elevated homocysteine, or early cognitive concerns under physician supervision are the populations most likely to have a rational basis for this formula. I always conduct a complete medication review before discussing MemorAll™, specifically screening for cholinesterase inhibitors, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and nitrates. Free PharmD consultation: (408) 622-8068.

Patients taking cholinesterase inhibitors, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, nitrates, or receiving active cancer treatment should have the complete formula reviewed by their pharmacist or treating clinician before use.


Selected Key Studies

  1. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / META-ANALYSIS Veronese N, Stubbs B, Solmi M, et al. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation and the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(2):154–159. PMID: 29076953.
    Meta-analysis of 12 RCTs / 791 participants; ALCAR reduced depressive symptoms, with stronger effects in older adults. Most trials used 1,500–3,000 mg/day; 500 mg/day (2-capsule dose) remains substantially below studied range.
  2. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / META-ANALYSIS Montgomery SA, Thal LJ, Amrein R. Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;18(2):61–71. PMID: 12598816.
    Pooled analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials; 3–12 months duration; 1,500–3,000 mg/day ALCAR. Pooled results favored ALCAR in MCI and mild AD. Establishes dose gap: MemorAll™ provides 500 mg/day at the 2-capsule regimen.
  3. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / META-ANALYSIS — NEGATIVE Ford AH, Almeida OP. Effect of homocysteine lowering treatment on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29(1):133–149. PMID: 24965307.
    Meta-analysis of 11 trials / ~22,000 participants. B vitamins reduced homocysteine by ~26–28% but produced no significant benefit on memory, executive function, processing speed, global cognition, or cognitive aging. Directly supports the distinction between homocysteine lowering (established) and cognitive benefit (not confirmed).
  4. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / META-ANALYSIS Kongkeaw C, Dilokthornsakul P, Thanarangsarit P, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(1):528–535. PMID: 24252493.
    Meta-analysis of 9 randomized placebo-controlled trials / 518 subjects (437 in pooled analysis); improvements in Trail B and choice reaction time following chronic Bacopa supplementation (≥12 weeks). Studied doses 300–450 mg/day; 100 mg/day (2-capsule dose) is well below studied range.
  5. NEGATIVE META-ANALYSIS Laws KR, Sweetnam H, Kondel TK. Is Ginkgo biloba a cognitive enhancer in healthy individuals? A meta-analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2012;27(6):527–533. PMID: 23001963.
    Meta-analysis of randomized trials in healthy adults. No significant improvement in memory (d −0.04), executive function (d −0.05), or attention (d −0.08). Evidence does not support Ginkgo as an established cognitive enhancer in healthy adults.
  6. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / META-ANALYSIS Kellermann AJ, Kloft C. Is there a risk of bleeding associated with standardized Ginkgo biloba extract therapy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2011;31(5):490–502. PMID: 21923430.
    Meta-analysis of 18 RCTs / 1,985 adults; no clear adverse effect of standardized Ginkgo on evaluated hemostasis measures. Supports cautious (not alarming) bleeding-interaction language. Caution with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents remains appropriate.
  7. HUMAN RCT — PRIMARY AAMI TRIAL Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology. 1991;41(5):644–649. PMID: 2027477.
    149 patients meeting AAMI criteria; bovine-cortex PS 300 mg/day vs. placebo for 12 weeks. PS-treated participants improved on several learning and memory measures, with greater effects among poorer-baseline performers. Grade: LIMITED / HISTORICAL HUMAN EVIDENCE. Critical limitations: bovine-cortex PS; not sunflower-derived. MemorAll™ provides 30 mg/day sunflower-derived PS — 10% of the studied dose in a different source preparation. Evidence cannot be directly transferred.
  8. HUMAN RCT — SECONDARY AD CONTEXT Crook TH, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer’s disease. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1992;28(1):61–66. PMID: 1609044.
    51 patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease; bovine-cortex PS 300 mg/day vs. placebo for 12 weeks. Several cognitive measures favored PS, particularly in less severely impaired patients. Provided as secondary context only — Alzheimer’s disease population, bovine-cortex preparation, 10× the MemorAll™ dose.
  9. MIXED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / META-ANALYSIS Marx W, Kelly JT, Marshall S, et al. Effect of resveratrol supplementation on cognitive performance and mood in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2018;76(6):432–443. PMID: 29596658.
    Systematic review of 10 RCTs; 3 studies found selected cognitive benefits, 2 had mixed results, 5 found no significant effect. Authors characterized literature as inconsistent and limited. All included trials used doses far above MemorAll™’s 2 mg/day. Grade: LIMITED / MIXED at substantially higher doses; efficacy at 2 mg/day NOT ESTABLISHED.
  10. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / META-ANALYSIS Yang G, Wang Y, Tian J, Liu JP. Huperzine A for Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74916. PMID: 24086396.
    20 RCTs / 1,823 participants in Alzheimer’s disease; Huperzine A improved cognitive function scores. Authors cautioned that most included trials had high risk of bias. Findings should not be extrapolated to healthy adults. Combination use with prescription cholinesterase inhibitors should be avoided without physician review.

FDA Disclaimer

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. MemorAll™ is a dietary supplement. The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Khang Pharmacy Mascot

Reviewed by: Dai Tran, PharmD, MBA, B.S.  View full bio →

CEO & Lead Pharmacist, Khang Pharmacy • CA/MN/TX Licensed Pharmacist

Clinical Insights Series • APhA Immunization Certified • 10+ Years Clinical Experience

Khang Pharmacy | 2451 S King Rd., Ste A1, San Jose, CA 95122 | (408) 622-8068 | www.khangpharmacy.com